Routing Protocols and Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are attracted more attention than ever before
due to the recent technology development. Wireless sensor networks depend on
small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Anonymous nodes
change dynamically Network topology of WSNs. New applications and require
non-conventional paradigms are enabled for designing algorithms by using WSNs.
As the use of WSNs is increasing day by day, the main target is to design an
effective and energy aware protocol in order to increase the network lifetime for
specific application environment. Owing to the requirement for low device
complexity together with low energy consumption (i.e., long network lifetime). In
this research the proposed work using LEACH, ST for TEEN and M-GEAR
protocols is applied. Our goal is to design a gateway based energy aware multi-hop
routing protocol using MATLAB and compare the performance for M_GEAR with
LEACH and TEEN protocols. Here our work describe an energy-efficient multihop
routing protocol using gateway node to maximization the life time wireless
sensor network and for the minimize energy consumption of sensor network. The
network is divided into logical regions. Each region uses a various communication
hierarchy. Two regions of the network use direct communication topology .the
other two regions are further sub-divided into clusters and use multi-hop
communication hierarchy. Because of the heavy energy burden, the cluster head
dies and life time of network minimizes. As the distances between base station and
the nodes are far, our work put gateways as intermediate between the cluster head
and base station to reduce the distance. Every node elects itself as a CH
independent of other region. This technique encourages better distribution of CHs
in the network Cluster head is chosen randomly in M-GEAR protocol due to the
low of current energy of some cluster heads of cluster.